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D. Kozerawski - The armaments programs of the Russian Federation – In the context of modernization plans for the land forces
08.01.2020
The Russian Federation's security policy and the related strengthening of its international position include among the most important factors the military potential of the state. Modern armed forces are a necessary tool for their effective conduct. In order to ensure the high efficiency of the army, the Russian Federation has been gradually increasing financial expenditures on development, production and supply of weapons under different state defense programs (SDP).
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P. Bajor - A gas compromise between Ukraine and Russia?
30.12.2019
On December 20, 2019, Ukraine and Russia, with the participation of representatives of the European Commission, signed a protocol on the settlement of gas disputes and the extension of gas transit through Ukraine after 2019. The signing of the protocol is the result of many rounds of negotiations held in recent months between both sides.
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A. Gruszczak - European Defence: Opportunities and Challenges
19.12.2019
European defence has been a topical issue for decades. Nowadays strategy and politics of European defence must cope with numerous challenges, risks and threats: both traditional and modern ones. They are rather of a political and normative nature than material or technological. Hence, elaborating on the topic of today’s debate, challenges and opportunities of the European defence, this commentary addresses three specific issues: the vexed logic of European security; the leadership dilemma; and the political economy of the EU’s CSDP.
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M. Czajkowski - Russia in Syria, Year Five – Things Just Got Complicated
18.12.2019
In September 2019, the Russian intervention in Syria has entered its fifth year. Usually, it is portrayed as the successful military-political operation which gave the Kremlin a position of the main Middle Eastern power. It has also, as it is commonly believed, augmented Moscow’s international position as an influential world power. All of this is true to a certain degree; however, the situation is not as bright as it would seem, and far from being perpetuated. Of course, Russians are in Syria to stay, but their situation may not be as favourable as it appears.
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M. Kolaszyński - „Osiodłać Pegaza” – a proposal to reform oversight of intelligence services
21.11.2019
In September 2019, a document “’Osiodłać Pegaza’ Przestrzeganie praw obywatelskich w działalności służb specjalnych – założenia reformy” [To saddle the Pegasus: The observance of civil rights in the activities of special services] prepared under the auspices of the Polish Ombudsman was published. That diversified group of experts analyzed the problems from a broader perspective, taking into account matters related to national security, protection of human rights, and state control. This commentary contains an evaluation of the proposal to establish an independent oversight body for surveillance activities of Polish intelligence services.
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