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W. Hebda - Natural gas in the process of decarbonisation of the Polish energy sector
07.01.2022
In the last decades, energy security has become a major issue not only for Poland but also for Central and Eastern European countries. The Polish energy sector requires dynamic redevelopment as its current technology is obsolete and mostly carbon based (ca. 50-60% in the energy mix). The energy transition towards low-carbon energy calls for a changeover period, meaning a gradual decarbonization through gasification (in the first stage) followed by the reduction in the use of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) in favor of renewable energy sources (in the second stage). It is believed that within the next decade or two the use of natural gas for the production of electrical energy in Poland will increase.
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analizy
D. Furtak - The Single European Sky initiative: Between an improved efficiency and national defense
04.01.2022
Traditional European airspace management consists of a patchwork of national systems operated by up to 60 control centers and 37 different monopoly air navigation service providers. Fragmentation of EU airspace is widely portrayed as a serious problem causing safety hazards, reduced efficiency, as well as increasing costs and harmful emissions. The solution to the identified inefficiencies was to be the Single European Sky (SES) initiative under construction from the beginning of the 21st century. However, despite some improvements, promised progress has not yet been achieved. This issue should now be explored considering the pressing problem and the latest action by the European Commission to update the SES regulatory framework as part of the European Green Deal.
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J. Niemiec - Scientific diplomacy as a special form of implementation of the Turkish foreign policy in the Caucasus and in Central Asia
19.11.2021
The Caucasus and Central Asia are among the most important regions in Turkey's political strategy. Due to strong ethnic, religious and cultural ties which connect Turks with the citizens of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, after the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s, the authorities in Ankara have made numerous attempts in order to establish interregional cooperation within the so-called Turkic world. Turkish foreign policy towards the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia is conducted through several diplomatic channels, among which science diplomacy is of increasing importance.
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analizy
M. Czajkowski - Hypersonic Hype - Revisited
04.11.2021
This article is the continuation of the analysis Hypersonic Missiles – a Political Multipurpose Weapon published on this site two and a half years before. The basic conclusions we reached at that time was that hypersonic weapons were not a strategic game-changer, but their development served numerous political goals. This assessment is valid now as well, however, some newest developments in this area are worth noting and it is the purpose of the current analysis.
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analizy
M. Volokhai - The Conflict in Cabo Delgado and South Africa’s Capability of Handling It
02.11.2021
With the fall of Apartheid and the end of the Natal Civil War in 1994, South Africa entered a period of complex and multidimensional changes related to its Defence Force and military strategy. Under the de Klerk administration, the country started to make significant shifts in its policy towards the neighbours and the whole continent. A real breakthrough was the Namibian independence and the end of the long-lasting Border War. However, this remarkable achievement was not the end of the story, as the South African government started to take relatively frequently part in the peacekeeping operations either on the local or a more significant, regional scale. In this analysis, the perspective of allegedly a more significant interference of South Africa in the security affairs of Mozambique in its northern province of Cabo Delgado is discussed.
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